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Time to live (sometimes abbreviated TTL) is a limit on the period of time or number of iterations or transmissions in computer and computer network technology that a unit of data (e.g. a packet) can experience before it should be discarded.

Contents
1.Time to live of IP packets
2.Time to live of DNS records
Time to live of IP packets

In IPv4, time to live (TTL) is an 8-bit field in the Internet Protocol (IP) header. It is the 9th octet of 20. The time to live value can be thought of as an upper bound on the time that an IP datagram can exist in an internet system. The TTL field is set by the sender of the datagram, and reduced by every host on the route to its destination. If the TTL field reaches zero before the datagram arrives at its destination, then the datagram is discarded and an ICMP error datagram (11 – Time Exceeded) is sent back to the sender. The purpose of the TTL field is to avoid a situation in which an undeliverable datagram keeps circulating on an internet system, and such a system eventually becoming swamped by such immortal datagrams. In theory, time to live is measured in seconds, although every host that passes the datagram must reduce the TTL by at least one unit. In practice, the TTL field is reduced by one on every hop. To reflect this practice, the field is named hop limit in IPv6.

The Unix traceroute command (tracert on Windows) depends on the functionality of the TTL field. Some of Default values TTL: 0 is restricted to the same host, 1 is restricted to the same subnet, 32 is restricted to the same site, 64 is restricted to the same region, 128 is restricted to the same continent, 255 is unrestricted.
Time to live of DNS records

TTLs also occur in the Domain Name System (DNS), where they are set by an authoritative nameserver for a particular resource record. When a caching (recursive) nameserver queries the authoritative nameserver for a resource record, it will cache that record for the time (in seconds) specified by the TTL. If a stub resolver queries the caching nameserver for the same record before the TTL has expired, the caching server will simply reply with the already cached resource record rather than retrieve it from the authoritative nameserver again. Nameservers may also have a TTL set for NXDOMAIN (acknowledgment that a domain does not exist); but they are generally short in duration (3 hours at most).

Shorter TTLs can cause heavier loads on an authoritative nameserver, but can be useful when changing the address of critical services like web servers or MX records, and therefore are often lowered by the DNS administrator prior to a service being moved, in order to minimize disruptions.

The units used are seconds. A common TTL value for DNS is 86400 seconds, which is 24 hours. A TTL value of 86400 would mean that if a DNS record was changed, DNS servers around the world could still be showing the old value from their cache for up to 24 hours after the change.

ColdFusion is an application server and software language used for Internet application development[1] such as for dynamic web sites. In this regard, ColdFusion is a similar product to Microsoft ASP.NET, JavaServer Pages or PHP. ColdFusion was the first amongst these technologies to provide the developer the capability of creating dynamic websites that were attached to a backend database.

The primary distinguishing feature of ColdFusion is its associated scripting language, ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML), which compares to JSP, ASP.NET, or PHP and resembles HTML in syntax. “ColdFusion” is often used synonymously with “CFML”, but it should be noted that there are additional CFML application servers besides ColdFusion, and that ColdFusion supports programming languages other than CFML, such as server-side Actionscript and embedded scripts that can be written in a JavaScript-like language, known as CFScript.

Originally a product of Allaire, and released in July 1995, ColdFusion was originally developed by brothers JJ and Jeremy Allaire. In 2001 Allaire was acquired by Macromedia, which was in turn acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005.

ColdFusion is most often used for data-driven web sites or intranets, but can also be used to generate remote services such as SOAP web services or Flash remoting. It is especially well-suited as the server-side technology to the client-side Flex.

ColdFusion can also handle asynchronous events such as SMS and instant messaging via its gateway interface, available in ColdFusion MX 7 Enterprise Edition.

ColdFusion provides a number of additional features out of the box. Among them:

Client and server cache management
Client-side code generation, especially for form widgets and validation
Conversion from HTML to PDF and FlashPaper
Data retrieval from common enterprise systems such as Active Directory, LDAP, POP, HTTP, FTP, Microsoft Exchange Server
File indexing and searching service based on Verity K2
GUI administration
Platform-independent database querying via ODBC or JDBC
Session, client, and application management
XML parsing, querying, and validation
Server clustering
Task scheduling
Other implementations of CFML offer similar or enhanced functionality, such as running in a .NET environment or image manipulation.

http://www.adobe.com/products/coldfusion/

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OrangeHRM comes as a comprehensive solution for the efficient management and development of your Human Resource. It will assist you in the complex and strategic process of managing this crucial resource of your enterprise. Based on modular architecture, it facilitates a vast range of HR activities, with features that reflect the main HR management activities. It comes as a web-enabled application and considering the available flexibility, OrangeHRM is a perfect platform for reengineering your HR processes and achieving a new level of HR Management.
To see demo of this application please visit Orange HRM

To host and configure Please feel free to ask Free Time Labs.

For Demo Use these credentials
User Name: demo
Password : welcome

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HRMS Self service enables employee hand free operations
Ideally the HR software should be self service enabled, this helps to reduce the mundane administrative burden from HR and lets it devote time for strategic HR like training and development. By having a simple to use self service HR portal you can really have a hands free operation For eg. employees will apply for leaves using online service, Supervisors will approve leaves online and the leave balance gets updated in the central database automatically. However the HR is always in control of the workflow and can alter it as per the need.

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Also see our demo. http://hr.freetimelabs.com
user: admin passwd: welcome.

The following information is for the entire novice in web hosting world.
1.Difference between shared hosting and dedicated hosting-
The primary difference between dedicated and shared hosting is how the web server is used. With Shared web hosting, the web server is shared between many different websites. With dedicated web hosting, the web server is dedicated to your web site. Both services have their advantages and disadvantages.
Dedicated hosting is any day expensive than shared hosting.

2.What is disk space and bandwidth transfer?
The disk space that you contract for from your web hosting company is the disk space that you will use for your web site (and website logs if you have logging enabled). You can determine how much disk space you will need by looking at the amount of space that your website is using on your own machine.

If you got lots of pictures or other image files there will be a need of more disk space.

Bandwidth or data transfer, refers to the amount of data that has been transmitted by your web server to visitors of your website. For example, if you have one page on your web site that is 10kb large, and that page has one image on it that is 90kb large you will transfer 100kb of data for every user that views that website. So, 10 users would mean that you used 1,000KB of bandwidth.

Disk space is measured in Megabytes (MB) or Gigabytes (GB). Megabyte roughly means 1,024,000 characters and Gigabyte roughly means 1,024 Million characters. Imagine a character as one key on your key board. These amounts determine how many files, documents, or data you can have on your web site.

Data transfer is also measured in Megabytes or gigabytes which determines how much data (how many of your files, documents or data) can be downloaded (transferred to) people accessing your web site. The more people, or the more data each person accesses on your web site the more data is transferred on the network.

3.What’s the difference between Managed hosting and colocation hosting?

Managed hosting is similar to dedicated hosting, but you get more service and support. Specifically, the web hosting company will watch over your server, troubleshoot problems, perform regular backups, install patches, etc. The specific services offered by managed hosting companies vary, so make sure you account for this difference as you compare prices.

Colocation is a form of dedicated hosting. If you collocate a server, you provide the hardware and the colocation provider installs it for you in their data center. They take care of making sure that you have a consistent Internet connection and ensure that you have power to your server. You handle everything else with the server. You usually pay for the rack space (the space that your server takes up) and the bandwidth that your server consumes. Colocation is a service that is generally used by more sophisticated users.

4.Do you need managed Hosting?

Before you think about managed hosting you will first need to decide whether or not you need a dedicated server. You will need a dedicated server if you have a high-traffic web site. If you only have a small web site with low traffic levels then a shared hosting arrangement should be fine. A dedicated server is more expensive to rent and more difficult to operate than a shared hosting solution but if your business depends on a steady service then you should seriously consider renting a dedicated server.

The only disadvantage with dedicated web hosting is that you will have to do a lot of the server administration yourself, and to do this you will need to possess some technical skills; hence the demand for managed hosting. If you fall into this category of needing a dedicated server but you need your host to provide system administration services such as security, firewalls, monitoring and reporting services, and data backup then most likely you will need managed hosting.

Centaur is the codename for the next major release of Adobe® ColdFusion®. Visit this site(http://labs.adobe.com/wiki/index.php/Centaur)
regularly to find out the latest information about Centaur from the ColdFusion product team.

What is Centaur?
Centaur is the codename for the upcoming next major release of ColdFusion from Adobe.

What is Bolt?
Bolt is the codename for Adobe’s new Eclipse™ based development tool for building ColdFusion applications. Find out more about Bolt.

What features are in Centaur?
Although we have not publicly disclosed the entire feature set of Centaur, we have discussed several features at events. The following information has been disclosed about Centaur.

Built-in Object Relational Mapping
ColdFusion services exposed for Flex and AIR via Actionscript libraries
CFC Enhancements
Implicit Getters and Setters
Explicit local scope
CFSCRIPT Enhancements
Full definition of components via script
Closed gap between CFML and CFSCRIPT
Language Enhancements
New and Import Keywords
CFFINALLY and CFCONTINUE
onServerStart method
More features will be included in this list as we publicly announce them.

When will Centaur be released?
We are currently targeting the commercial release for some time in 2009. However, you can see an early view of Centaur by joining our prerelease program today. If you are interested in joining, please go to http://www.adobe.com/go/centaurprerelease and click on “Centaur Prerelease Program” to submit your application for participation in our prerelease program.

Events
In the coming months, more information about Centaur will be presented at various ColdFusion community events. The following are events that Adobe is sponsoring and at which you can learn more about Centaur. Meet your fellow developers, support the community, and learn about Centuar at these conferences.

BETA APPLICATIONS NOW BEING ACCEPTED! – Applications for the Centaur Beta are now being accepted. Please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/centaurprerelease and click on “Centaur Prerelease Program”.

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